Awheelchair, often abbreviated to just “chair”, is a椅子withwheels，何时使用步行由于很难或不可能疾病, injury, or失能。Wheelchairs come in a wide variety of formats to meet the specific needs of their users. They may include specialized seating adaptions, individualized controls, and may be specific to particular activities, as seen with sports wheelchairs and beach wheelchairs. The most widely recognised distinction is between powered wheelchairs (“powerchairs”), where propulsion is provided by batteries and electric motors, and manually propelled wheelchairs, where the propulsive force is provided either by the wheelchair user/occupant pushing the wheelchair by hand (“self-propelled”), or by an attendant pushing from the rear (“attendant propelled”).
The earliest records of wheeled furniture are an inscription found on a stone slate in China and a child’s bed depicted in afriezeon a Greek vase, both dating between the 6th and 5th century BCE.[2][3][4][5]用于运输残疾人的车轮座位的第一批记录可以追溯到中国三个世纪之后；中国人使用早期的独轮车来移动人们和重物。在公元525年，这两个功能之间的区别并没有再创造出525 CE，当时专门用于运载人们的轮式椅子开始在中国艺术中发生。[5]
尽管欧洲人最终开发了类似的设计，但这种运输方法直到1595年才存在[6]when an unknown inventor from Spain built one forKing Phillip II。尽管这是一把精心制作的椅子，既有扶手和腿部，但设计仍然存在缺点，因为它没有有效的推进机制，因此需要援助才能推动它。这使设计更像是富人的现代高椅或便携式宝座，而不是现代的轮椅。[2]
In 1655,斯蒂芬·法弗勒（Stephan Farffler），22岁截瘫watchmaker, built the world’s first self-propelling chair on a three-wheel chassis using a system ofcranks和cogwheels。[6][3]However, the device had an appearance of a hand bike more than a wheelchair since the design included hand cranks mounted at the front wheel.[2]
The invalid carriage or浴椅从1760年左右将该技术更加普遍。[7]
In 1887, wheelchairs (“rolling chairs”) were introduced toAtlantic City因此，无效的游客可以租用他们来享受木板路。很快，许多健康的游客还租用了装饰的“滚动椅子”，并将仆人推向他们在家中永远无法体验的decade废和待遇。
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