数字EMS也称为neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) 或者electromyostimulation, is the elicitation ofmuscle contraction使用电动冲动。由于许多原因,EMS在过去几年中受到了越来越多的关注:它可以用作健康受试者和运动员的力量训练工具;它可以用作部分或完全固定的患者的康复和预防工具;它可以用作评估体内神经和/或肌肉功能的测试工具;它可以用作运动员的运动后恢复工具。[1]冲动是由设备产生的,并通过刺激肌肉附近的皮肤上的电极传递。
电极通常是粘附在皮肤上的垫子。冲动模仿动作电位来自中枢神经系统, causing the muscles to contract. The use of EMS has been cited by sports scientists[2]作为运动培训的互补技术,可以就获得的结果进行发表的研究。[3]在美国,EMS设备由U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA).
In medicine, EMS is used for rehabilitation purposes, for instance inphysical therapyin the prevention of disuse muscle atrophy which can occur for example aftermusculoskeletal injuries,例如对骨骼,关节,肌肉,韧带和肌腱的损害。这与经皮神经刺激(TENS),其中电流用于疼痛治疗。
The FDA rejects certification of devices that claim weight reduction.[13]EMS devices cause a calorie burning that is marginal at best: calories are burnt in significant amount only when most of the body is involved in physical exercise: several muscles, the heart and the respiratory system are all engaged at once.[14]However, some authors imply that EMS can lead to exercise, since people toning their muscles with electrical stimulation are more likely afterwards to participate in sporting activities as the body becomes ready, fit, willing and able to take on physical activity.
“Strength training by NMES does promote neural and muscular adaptations that are complementary to the well-known effects of voluntary resistance training”.[1]该声明是2010年世界研究人员大会关于该主题的编辑摘要的一部分。在国会之后进行的有关实际应用的其他研究指出了使有效和无效EMS之间差异的重要因素。[15][16]This in retrospect explains why in the past some researchers and practitioners obtained results that others could not reproduce. Also, as published by reputable universities, EMS causes adaptation, i.e. training, of muscle fibers.[17]由于特征骨骼肌纤维,不同类型的纤维可以通过不同类型的EMS在不同程度上激活,并且诱导的修饰取决于EMS活性的模式。[18]These patterns, referred to as protocols or programs, will cause a different response from contraction of different fiber types. Some programs will improve fatigue resistance, i.e. endurance, others will increase force production.
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