Ophthalmoscope – e-scope 2.7V (Riester) – NSL – 2120-200

An Ophthalmoscope orauriscope是一个medical devicewhich is used to look into theears。Health care providers use otoscopes to screen for illness during regular check-ups and also to investigate ear symptoms. An otoscope potentially gives a view of the ear canal and tympanic membrane or eardrum. Because the eardrum is the border separating the external ear canal from the middle ear, its characteristics can be indicative of various diseases of the middle ear space. The presence of cerumen (ear wax), shed skin, pus, canal skin edema, foreign body, and various ear diseases can obscure any view of the eardrum and thus severely compromise the value of otoscopy done with a common otoscope.

The most commonly used otoscopes consist of a handle and a head. The head contains a light source and a simple low-power放大镜头, typically around 8diopters(3.00x Mag). The远端(front) end of the otoscope has an attachment for disposable plastic ear猜测。The examiner first straightens theear canalby pulling on thepinnaand then inserts the ear speculum side of the otoscope into the external ear. It is important to brace the hand holding the otoscope against the patient’s head to avoid injury to the ear canal by placing the index finger or little finger against the head. The examiner can then look through a lens on the rear of the instrument and see inside the ear canal. In many models, the lens can be removed, which allows the examiner to insert instruments through the otoscope into the ear canal, such as for removingearwax(cerumen). Most models also have an insertion point for a bulb capable of pushing air through the speculum which is called气动耳镜。这种空气使审查员可以测试tympanic membrane。

Many otoscopes used in doctors offices are wall-mounted while others are portable. Wall-mounted otoscopes are attached by a flexible power cord to a base, which serves to hold the otoscope when it’s not in use and also serves as a source of electric power, being plugged into anelectric outlet。便携式型号由batteriesin the handle; these batteries are usually rechargeable and can be recharged from a base unit. Otoscopes are often sold withophthalmoscopesas a diagnostic set.

可能由耳镜诊断的疾病包括中耳炎andotitis externa，分别感染耳朵的中部和外部。

Otoscopes are also frequently used for examining patients’ noses (avoiding the need for a separate nasal speculum) and (with the speculum removed) upper throats.

最常用的耳镜 - 在急诊室，小儿办公室，一般实践和内科医生中使用的那些是单眼装置。它们仅提供耳道的二维视图，其内容，通常至少是耳膜的一部分，具体取决于耳道内的东西及其状态。执行耳镜的另一种方法（耳朵的可视化）是使用双眼显微镜，并结合更大的金属耳朵概念，患者的仰卧和头部倾斜，提供了更大的视野，并增加了优势。稳定的头部，较高的照明，最重要的是深度感知。为了判断深度，需要进行双眼（双眼）观点。如果蜡或其他材料阻碍了整个耳膜的运河和/或视图，则可以轻松而自信地用专门的吸力技巧和其他显微镜耳朵仪器将其清除，而没有深度感知，可以单眼观看常见的视图耳镜使去除更费力和危险的东西。

双眼显微镜的另一个主要优点是，由于显微镜悬挂在架子上，因此两个检查员的手都是免费的。显微镜具有高达40倍的功率放大倍数，可以更详细地查看整个耳道，除非管道皮肤的水肿阻止它。与单眼视图眼镜相比，解剖学的细微变化更容易检测和解释。传统上只有ENTspecialists (otolaryngologists) and otologists (subspecialty ear doctors) acquire binocular microscopes and the necessary skills and training to use them, and incorporate their routine use in evaluating patient’s ear complaints. Studies have shown that reliance on a monocular otoscope to diagnose ear disease results in a more than 50% chance of misdiagnosis, as compared to binocular microscopic otoscopy.

获得双眼显微镜的费用只是其更广泛地适应通用医学的障碍。在医师培训计划中，小儿和普通医学教授之间对双眼冲突的熟悉程度低可能是一个更困难的障碍。因此，一般的耳科诊断和耳部护理的标准在很大程度上仍然是大量过时的单眼耳镜。