病房屏幕 - 3倍标准 - NSL

A Ward Screen is a type of free-standingfurniture. It consists of several frames or panels, which are often connected byhingesor by other means. It can be made in a variety of designs and with different kinds of materials. Folding screens have many practical and decorative uses. It originated fromancient China, eventually spreading to the rest of East Asia, Europe, and other regions of the world.

Screens date back to China during the EasternZhouperiod (771–256 BCE).^[1][2]These were initially one-panel screens in contrast to folding screens.^[3]Folding screens were invented during theHan dynasty(206 BCE – 220 CE).^[4]Depictions of those folding screens have been found in Han-era tombs, such as one inZhucheng, Shandong Province.^[1]

A folding screen was often decorated with beautiful art; major themes included mythology, scenes of palace life, and nature. It is often associated with intrigue and romance inChinese literature, for example, a young lady in love could take a curious peek hidden from behind a folding screen.^[1][2]An example of such a thematic occurrence of the folding screen is in the classical novelDream of the Red ChamberbyCao Xueqin.

The folding screen was a recurring element inTangliterature.^[6]The Tang poetLi He（790–816）写了“屏幕之歌”（屏風曲), describing a folding screen of a newly-wed couple.^[6]The folding screen surrounded the bed of the young couple, its twelve panels were adorned with butterflies alighted onChina pinkflowers (an allusion to lovers), and had silver hinges resembling glass coins.

Folding screens were originally made from wooden panels and painted onlacqueredsurfaces, eventually folding screens made from paper orsilkbecame popular too.^[3]Even though folding screens were known to have been used sinceantiquity, it became rapidly popular during theTang dynasty（618–907）。^[7]During the Tang dynasty, folding screens were considered ideal ornaments for many painters to display theirpaintingsandcalligraphyon.

Many artists painted on paper or silk and applied it onto the folding screen.^[2]There were two distinct artistic folding screens mentioned in historical literature of the era. One of it was known as thehuaping(Chinese:畫屏; literally: “painted folding screen”) and the other was known as theshuping(Chinese:書屏; literally: “calligraphed folding screen”).^[3][7]It was not uncommon for people to commission folding screens from artists, such as from Tang-era painter Cao Ba or歌曲时代painterGuo Xi.^[2]The landscape paintings on folding screens reached its height during the Song dynasty (960–1279).^[1]Thelacquer techniquesfor theCoromandel screens, which is known askuǎncǎi(款彩“incised colors”), emerged during the lateMing dynasty(1368-1644)^[9]and was applied to folding screens to create dark screens incised, painted, and inlaid with art ofmother-of-pearl, ivory, or other materials.